The possibility of stem cells application in kidney transplantation: experimental studies (literature review)

Abstract

The long-term survival of kidney allografts remains unsatisfactory. The most common cause of graft loss is chronic kidney transplant rejection, which encourages us to actively explore new possible immunosuppressive regimens. Studies of stem cell use in animal models with renal insufficiency show better results in the postoperative period and provide an opportunity for clinical trials in the context of creating an alternative induction immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation. A literature analysis of the preclinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in chronic renal failure and renal allotransplantation in laboratory animals revealed their unique potential in improving the function and repair of damaged kidneys, as well as the presence of immunosuppressive effects, including inhibition of T-cell proliferation, inhibition of the maturation of dendritic cells and induction of regulatory T-cells. They may improve the long-term results of kidney allotransplantation, but this requires further researches.