Metabolic syndrome and the risk of chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. Studies show that there is a close relationship between MS and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with MS have a 2.5-fold higher risk of CKD. Factors of CKD development in the metabolic syndrome are an increased level of insulin and insulin resistance, active forms of oxygen, inflammatory mediators, biologically active substan­ces, hormones, inflammatory cytokines, an increase in the activity of coagulation factors, inhibition of the fibrinolytic system. Pathological abnormalities in the kidneys in patients with MS are manifested by microvascular tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and global or segmental sclerosis. Microalbumin is an early marker for MS.